Monday, April 20, 2009

ENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
All the cells in your body respond to messages sent by three of your major body systems- the nervous system, the imune system, and the endocrine system. These three systems work closely together to coordinate the functions of the bosy. The endocrine system is especially important during the teen years because one of its main functions is to regulate growth and devolpment.
Endocrine Glands are ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly the body.




Hormones are chemically substances that are produced in glands and help regulate many of your body's functions.





Thyroid Glands produces hormones that regulate metabolism body heat,and body growth.



Parathyroid Glands produce a hormone that regulates the body's calcium and phosphorus balance.




Pituitary Gland regulates and controls the activities of all the other endocrine glands.



Pancreas a gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine system.


Gonads ovaries or testes.



Andrenal Glands are glands that help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies.


Reproductive System the system of organs involved in producing offspring.




Sperm male reproductive cells.




Testosterone male sex hormone.



Testes two small glands that produce sperm.

Scrotum an external skin sac.

Penis is a tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes.
Semen is a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system.

Sterility is the inabilty to reproduce.

Wednesday, April 1, 2009

Digestive and Urinary System

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM




Food must be changed into smaller nutrients before they can be absorbed into the blood and carried into the cells in the body.



  • DIGESTION-Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for the use by the body's cells.
  • ABSORPTION-Passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular system.
  • ELIMINATION-The expulsion of undigested food or body waste.

Structures Of The Digestive System




The digestion process begins in the mouth,the first stage of the process, is taking the food into the body.



  • TEETH-Primary function is to break the food you eat into smaller pieces.
  • MASTICATION-Process of chewing.
  • Salivary glands-Produce first juices in mouth.
  • Tongue-Forms food to be swallowed.



ESOPHAGUS



When food is swallowed it enters the esophagus, it is a muscular tube about 10 inches long that connect the pharynx with the stomach.



  • PERISTALSIS-a series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.



STOMACH



Is a hollow, sac like organ enclosed in a muscular wall.



  • GASTRIC JUICES-secretions from the stomach lining that contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
  • CHYME-a creamy,fluid mixture of food and gastric juices.


CARE AND PROBLEMS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM




  • Follow a well balanced diet that includes a variety of foods that are low in fat and high in fiber.

FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
  • Indigestion-is a feeling of discomfort in the upper abdomen.
  • Heartburn-a burning sensation in the center chest.
  • Hiatal hernia-a condition.
  • Gas-carbohydrates or complex sugars cause gas.
  • Constipation-condition in which feces become dry and hard and bowel movements become hard